Ballone E, Valentino M, Occhiolini L, Di Mascio C, Cannone D, Schioppa F S
Università di Chieti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sezione di Epidemiologia e Sanità Pubblica, Chieti, Italy.
Mil Med. 2000 Dec;165(12):911-5.
The present study evaluated the factors that contribute to stress and the psychological difficulties of the Italian military component of the United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This group was compared with a homogeneous group stationed in Italy.
A cross-sectional study was performed in two groups of career military personnel: 452 subjects who were stationed in Bosnia as peacekeepers and 166 who were stationed in Italy. All subjects completed two multiple-choice questionnaires (a stress self-evaluation test and a socioeconomic questionnaire) during various periods of duty.
The responses to the stress self-evaluation test indicated that the peacekeepers did not show a statistically significant increase in stress. Those who were affected by stress, though, indicated that the level was high. The principal variables that were associated with a greater level of stress were length of the mission, lack of recreational or athletic activities during the mission, more than three family members, and unemployment before enrollment.
Peacekeepers come from an economically poor environment, have large families, and usually have a history of unemployment. Along with these preenrollment risk factors, the effective time spent in recreational activities and the length of the mission also influence stress levels. Individual and group techniques for stress management should be implemented.
本研究评估了导致联合国驻波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那特派团意大利军事人员压力及心理困扰的因素。将该组人员与驻扎在意大利的同类人员进行比较。
对两组职业军人进行了横断面研究：452名作为维和人员驻扎在波斯尼亚的受试者和166名驻扎在意大利的受试者。所有受试者在不同执勤期间完成了两份多项选择题问卷（一份压力自我评估测试和一份社会经济问卷）。
压力自我评估测试的结果表明，维和人员的压力没有出现统计学上的显著增加。然而，那些受到压力影响的人表示压力水平很高。与较高压力水平相关的主要变量包括任务时长、任务期间缺乏娱乐或体育活动、家庭成员超过三人以及入伍前失业。
维和人员来自经济贫困的环境，家庭人口众多，且通常有失业史。除了这些入伍前的风险因素外，用于娱乐活动的有效时间和任务时长也会影响压力水平。应实施个人和团体压力管理技巧。
