Holcomb W F
Mil Med. 2000 Dec;165(12):949-53.
In 1798, President John Adams signed the bill creating the Marine Hospital Service to medically care for U.S. merchant seamen. That agency is known today as the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS). In 1918, the PHS Commissioned Corps commissioned sanitary engineers in the Reserve Corps, and in 1930, President Herbert Hoover signed the Parker Act authorizing sanitary engineers to be part of the regular Commissioned Corps. During the world war years, PHS engineers were detailed to improve sanitation for military bases in the United States and abroad. In the 1960s, most PHS engineers served in the Indian Health Service, upgrading sanitation facilities for American Indians and Alaskan Natives. During the 1970s, PHS engineers were involved in providing an integrated and coordinated attack on environmental issues. Today, PHS engineers are involved with many aspects of public health protection and have been detailed around the world to provide emergency assistance in the wake of disasters.
1798年，约翰·亚当斯总统签署法案，设立海军医院服务处，为美国商船船员提供医疗护理。该机构如今被称为美国公共卫生服务局（PHS）。1918年，公共卫生服务局委任后备役军团的卫生工程师，1930年，赫伯特·胡佛总统签署《帕克法案》，授权卫生工程师成为正规委任军团的一部分。在两次世界大战期间，公共卫生服务局的工程师被派去改善美国国内外军事基地的卫生条件。20世纪60年代，大多数公共卫生服务局的工程师在印第安卫生服务处工作，为美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民升级卫生设施。20世纪70年代，公共卫生服务局的工程师参与对环境问题进行综合协调的应对行动。如今，公共卫生服务局的工程师参与公共卫生保护的许多方面工作，并被派往世界各地，在灾难发生后提供紧急援助。
