Rosenfield A T, Taylor K J, Dembner A G, Jacobson P
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1979 Sep;133(3):441-8. doi: 10.2214/ajr.133.3.441.
Technical factors and diagnostic criteria that permit discrimination among diseases of the renal sinus are described. Because the size of the collecting system changes with the state of hydration, a standard approach permits optimal comparison of examinations performed on different occasions. A fluid challenge is indicated if relative or partial obstruction is suspected. Ureteric compression permits optimal delineation of the collecting system but is indicated only in selected situations. Both tumor and blood clot within the renal sinus appear as echogenic masses without a significant acoustic shadow. Serial ultrasound studies demonstrate the resolution of the blood clot. Both in vivo and in vitro studies of renal stones demonstrate that the acoustic shadow of nephrolithiasis is best seen with low gain and with the stone within the focal zone of the transducer.
本文描述了有助于鉴别肾窦疾病的技术因素和诊断标准。由于集合系统的大小会随水化状态而变化，因此采用标准方法可实现对不同时间进行的检查的最佳比较。如果怀疑存在相对或部分梗阻，则需进行液体激发试验。输尿管压迫可实现对集合系统的最佳描绘，但仅在特定情况下适用。肾窦内的肿瘤和血凝块均表现为强回声团块，且无明显声影。系列超声检查可显示血凝块的消散情况。肾结石的体内和体外研究均表明，在低增益且结石位于换能器聚焦区内时，肾结石的声影最为清晰。
