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昆虫病原线虫对蜱虫的生物防治。研究进展

Biocontrol of ticks by entomopathogenic nematodes. Research update.

作者信息

Samish M, Alekseev E, Glazer I

机构信息

Department of Entomology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.

出版信息

Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;916:589-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05341.x.

Abstract

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are lethal to ticks even though they do not use their normal propagation cycle within tick cadavers. The tick Boophilus annulatus was found to be far more susceptible to EPNs than Hyalomma excavatum, Rhipicephalus bursa, or Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Ticks seem to be less susceptible to nematodes when feeding on a host. Preimaginal tick stages were less susceptible to nematodes than adult ticks. The mortality rate of unfed females was highest, followed by unfed males, and engorged females. The virulence of nematodes to ticks varied greatly among different nematode strains. In most cases, the Heterorhabditis sp. strains were the most virulent strains tested in petri dishes. In buckets containing sandy soil sprayed with 50 nematodes/cm2 and engorged B. annulatus females, the LT50 of the ticks was less than five days. The addition of manure to soil or a manure extract to petri dishes reduced nematode virulence. Since ticks spend most of their life cycle in the upper humid layer of the ground, and many nematode strains share this same ecological niche, the use of EPNs for biocontrol of ticks appears promising.

摘要

昆虫病原线虫(EPNs)对蜱虫具有致死性,尽管它们不在蜱虫尸体中进行正常繁殖循环。研究发现,环形牛蜱比边缘璃眼蜱、柏氏扇头蜱或血红扇头蜱对EPNs更为敏感。蜱虫在吸食宿主时似乎对线虫的敏感性较低。蜱虫的未成熟阶段比成年蜱虫对线虫的敏感性更低。未进食的雌性蜱虫死亡率最高,其次是未进食的雄性蜱虫,然后是饱血雌性蜱虫。线虫对蜱虫的毒力在不同线虫菌株之间差异很大。在大多数情况下,异小杆线虫属菌株是在培养皿中测试的最具毒力的菌株。在装有喷洒了每平方厘米50条线虫的沙土且放入饱血环形牛蜱雌性的桶中,蜱虫的半数致死时间(LT50)不到五天。向土壤中添加粪便或向培养皿中添加粪便提取物会降低线虫的毒力。由于蜱虫生命周期的大部分时间都在地面上部潮湿层度过,并且许多线虫菌株也占据相同的生态位,因此使用EPNs进行蜱虫的生物防治似乎很有前景。

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