Køie M
Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark.
Parasitol Res. 2001 Jan;87(1):32-6. doi: 10.1007/s004360000288.
Free-swimming ensheathed larvae of Anisakis simplex were shown experimentally to be ingested by the copepods Oitona similis and Acartia tonsa and by the nauplii of barnacles Balanus sp. The larvae did not grow in the copepod hemocoel. Experimental infections of various malacostracans were unsuccessful. Sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus are naturally infected with larvae of A. simplex in coastal brackish water. Such sticklebacks may have acquired the infection by eating either a crustacean host or third-stage larvae (L3) from fish. Experimental infections of cod Gadus morhua with L3 from viscera of herring Clupea harengus showed that about one-third of the ingested larvae passed through the cod alimentary tract and were extruded whole but dead. Experiments showed that larvae from herring viscera survived and remained infective after at least 6 weeks in brackish water and seawater and that L3 from herring viscera were ingested by sticklebacks (and flounder Platichthys flesus), where they reencapsulated on the viscera; the L3 were alive 2 years later.
实验表明，简单异尖线虫的自由游动包囊幼虫会被相似奥陶剑水蚤、长腹水蚤以及藤壶属藤壶的无节幼体摄取。幼虫在剑水蚤的血腔中不会生长。对各种软甲亚纲动物进行的实验性感染均未成功。三刺鱼在沿海半咸水中自然感染简单异尖线虫的幼虫。此类三刺鱼可能是通过摄食甲壳类宿主或鱼类的第三期幼虫（L3）而受到感染。用鲱鱼内脏中的L3对鳕鱼进行实验性感染，结果显示，约三分之一被摄入的幼虫穿过鳕鱼消化道后完整但已死亡地被排出。实验表明，鲱鱼内脏中的幼虫在半咸水和海水中至少存活6周后仍具有感染力，并且鲱鱼内脏中的L3被三刺鱼（和欧洲比目鱼）摄取，它们在内脏上重新形成包囊；两年后L3仍然存活。
