Kanazawa A, Platt J L
Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Semin Liver Dis. 2000;20(4):511-22. doi: 10.1055/s-2000-13159.
A severe shortage of human livers for allotransplantation has sparked interest in the potential use of animals in lieu of humans as a source of livers, that is xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation might also provide a means by which recurrence of hepatitis might be averted. Among the types of xenografts that might be undertaken are extracorporeal "xenoperfusion" or perfusion of devices containing xenogeneic hepatocytes, auxiliary liver transplants, bridge liver transplants, and hepatocyte transplants. The hurdles to xenotransplantation of the liver include the immune response of the recipient against the graft, incompatibility of the graft with complex physiologic and biochemical systems of the recipient, and the possibility of transferring infectious agent from the graft to the recipient. Recent progress in characterizing and overcoming these hurdles has encouraged some optimism regarding the ultimate application of xenotransplantation for the treatment of human disease.
同种异体移植中人体肝脏的严重短缺引发了人们对使用动物替代人类作为肝脏来源的潜在兴趣，即异种移植。异种移植也可能提供一种避免肝炎复发的方法。可能进行的异种移植类型包括体外“异种灌注”或含有异种肝细胞的装置的灌注、辅助性肝移植、过渡性肝移植和肝细胞移植。肝脏异种移植的障碍包括受体对移植物的免疫反应、移植物与受体复杂生理和生化系统的不兼容性，以及感染因子从移植物转移到受体的可能性。在表征和克服这些障碍方面的最新进展为异种移植最终应用于人类疾病治疗带来了一些乐观情绪。
