Kposowa A J
Department of Sociology, University of California, Riverside 92521, USA.
Psychol Med. 2001 Jan;31(1):127-38. doi: 10.1017/s0033291799002925.
The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of employment status measured at baseline on the risk of suicide by years of follow-up, using a large nationally representative sample of the US population.
Cox regression models were applied to data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, based on the 1979-1989 follow-up. In estimating the effect of baseline employment status on suicide, adjustments were made for baseline demographic and socio-economic variables.
After 3 years of follow-up, unemployed men were a little over twice as likely to commit suicide as their employed counterparts. Among men, the lower the socio-economic status, the higher the suicide risk. Among women, in each year of follow-up, the unemployed had a much higher suicide risk than the employed. After 9 years of follow-up unemployed women were over three times more likely to kill themselves than their employed counterparts.
Unemployment is strongly related to suicide, but this relationship is more enduring and stronger among women. For men, the unemployment effect is stronger at earlier years of follow-up. In women, unemployment increases the risk of suicide regardless of the number of follow-up years. The finding with regard to women disconfirms earlier research reports suggesting that unemployment affects suicide only in men.
本研究旨在利用美国具有全国代表性的大样本，考察基线时所测量的就业状况对随访多年自杀风险的影响。
将Cox回归模型应用于基于1979 - 1989年随访的国家纵向死亡率研究的数据。在估计基线就业状况对自杀的影响时，对基线人口统计学和社会经济变量进行了调整。
随访3年后，失业男性自杀的可能性是就业男性的两倍多一点。在男性中，社会经济地位越低，自杀风险越高。在女性中，在随访的每一年，失业者的自杀风险都比就业者高得多。随访9年后，失业女性自杀的可能性是就业女性的三倍多。
失业与自杀密切相关，但这种关系在女性中更持久、更强烈。对于男性，失业影响在随访早期更强。在女性中，无论随访年限多少，失业都会增加自杀风险。关于女性的这一发现与早期研究报告相矛盾，早期研究报告表明失业仅影响男性的自杀。
