Fesenko S V, Voigt G, Spiridonov S I, Sanzharova N I, Gontarenko I A, Belli M, Sansone U
Russian Institute of Agricultural Radiology and Radioecology, Obninsk.
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2000 Dec;39(4):291-300. doi: 10.1007/s004110000073.
The experience gained in the aftermath of serious radiation accidents shows that forests are an important source of external and internal exposure of the affected population. This paper presents the results of an assessment of the major radiological consequences for forests of Russia, most heavily contaminated after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) accident. Illustrated in the Novozybkovsky district of the Russian Federation, the significance of different forest exposure pathways is estimated and the doses resulting from forest pathways are compared with the doses from agricultural products. It has been found that the contribution of mushrooms and berries to the internal doses of the population, relative to the doses from agricultural products, varied from 10-15% in 1987 to 40-45% in 1996. The results indicate large differences in internal exposure of members of the "critical groups" and "normal population", increasing with time after deposition. Data are presented that give information on the contribution of forests to the collective doses of inhabitants of the area under consideration. It has been shown that for 10 years after the accident (1987-1996), the contribution of forest products to the collective dose of the rural population living in contaminated forests of the Novozybkovsky district, amounts to about 20% (213 person Sv) of the total collective dose of internal and external exposures. However, a potential impact of these products including the dose from exported products is much higher and might reach 659 person Sv. It has been found that in the long-term after the ChNPP accident, serious attention should be given to forest countermeasures, and restoration strategies should be selected on the basis of a combined analysis of the effectiveness of forest and agricultural countermeasures.
严重辐射事故后积累的经验表明，森林是受影响人群外部和内部辐射暴露的重要来源。本文介绍了对俄罗斯森林主要放射性后果的评估结果，俄罗斯在切尔诺贝利核电站（ChNPP）事故后受污染最为严重。以俄罗斯联邦的新兹布科夫斯基区为例，估算了不同森林辐射暴露途径的重要性，并将森林途径产生的剂量与农产品产生的剂量进行了比较。研究发现，相对于农产品产生的剂量，蘑菇和浆果对人群内部剂量的贡献在1987年为10%-15%，到1996年为40%-45%。结果表明，“关键群体”和“普通人群”成员的内部辐射暴露存在很大差异，且随着沉降后时间的推移而增加。文中给出的数据提供了有关森林对所考虑区域居民集体剂量贡献的信息。研究表明，事故发生后的10年（1987-1996年）间，森林产品对生活在新兹布科夫斯基区受污染森林中的农村人口集体剂量的贡献约占内部和外部辐射暴露总集体剂量的20%（213人·希沃特）。然而，这些产品（包括出口产品的剂量）的潜在影响要高得多，可能达到659人·希沃特。研究发现，在切尔诺贝利核电站事故后的长期内，应高度重视森林应对措施，应在综合分析森林和农业应对措施有效性的基础上选择恢复策略。
