Marques S A, Robles A M, Tortorano A M, Tuculet M A, Negroni R, Mendes R P
Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu-UNESP, Brazil.
Med Mycol. 2000;38 Suppl 1:269-79.
Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the epidemiological status of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is far from under control in most of the developing world. Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia and India show increased rates of new infections. In Latin America and the Caribbean there were 1.6 million estimated cases of HIV-infected patients at the end of 1997. Fungal diseases have been one of the most relevant diagnoses in relation to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Infections due to Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans are common worldwide. Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis and Penicillium marneffei are important causes of disease in endemic areas. Infection due to Sporothrix schenckii, Blastomyces dermatitidis and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis are uncommon even where they are endemic. Phaeohyphomycetes, hyalohyphomycetes and zygomycetes are still rare as a cause of disease among AIDS patients. However, agents pertaining to these groups, such as Aspergillus spp., have an increasing incidence. Superficial mycoses due to dermatophytes have special features from epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic points of view.
尽管在诊断和治疗方面取得了进展，但在大多数发展中世界，人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的流行病学状况远未得到控制。撒哈拉以南非洲、东南亚和印度的新感染率呈上升趋势。据估计，在1997年底，拉丁美洲和加勒比地区有160万例HIV感染患者。真菌病一直是与获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）相关的最主要诊断之一。念珠菌属和新型隐球菌所致感染在全球都很常见。荚膜组织胞浆菌、粗球孢子菌和马尔尼菲青霉是流行地区疾病的重要病因。申克孢子丝菌、皮炎芽生菌和巴西副球孢子菌所致感染即使在其流行地区也不常见。暗色丝孢霉病、透明丝孢霉病和接合菌病作为艾滋病患者的致病原因仍然很少见。然而，属于这些类别的病原体，如曲霉属，发病率正在上升。从流行病学、临床和治疗角度来看，皮肤癣菌引起的浅部真菌病具有特殊特征。
