Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2010;36(1):1-53. doi: 10.3109/10408410903241444.
The incidence of invasive mycoses is increasing, especially among patients who are immunocompromised or hospitalized with serious underlying diseases. Such infections may be broken into two broad categories: opportunistic and endemic. The most important agents of the opportunistic mycoses are Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis jirovecii, and Aspergillus spp. (although the list of potential pathogens is ever expanding); while the most commonly encountered endemic mycoses are due to Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis/posadasii, and Blastomyces dermatitidis. This review discusses the epidemiologic profiles of these invasive mycoses in North America, as well as risk factors for infection, and the pathogens' antifungal susceptibility.
侵袭性真菌感染的发病率正在上升，尤其是在免疫功能低下或因严重基础疾病住院的患者中。此类感染可分为两类：机会性和地方性。机会性真菌感染的主要病原体包括念珠菌属、新型隐球菌、卡氏肺孢子虫和曲霉属（尽管潜在病原体的清单不断扩大）；而最常见的地方性真菌感染是由荚膜组织胞浆菌、粗球孢子菌/波氏球孢子菌和皮炎芽生菌引起的。本文讨论了这些在北美侵袭性真菌感染的流行病学特征，以及感染的危险因素和病原体的抗真菌药敏性。
