Anderson A F, Dome D C, Gautam S, Awh M H, Rennirt G W
Lipscomb Clinic Sports Medicine Center and St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2001 Jan-Feb;29(1):58-66. doi: 10.1177/03635465010290011501.
We performed a prospective study based on the hypothesis that physiologic differences exist between men and women in strength after adjustments for body weight; that the size of the anterior cruciate ligament is proportionate to the strength of its antagonists, the quadriceps muscles; and that women have a relatively small anterior cruciate ligament, thus predisposing them to a disproportionate number of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. One hundred matched high school basketball players, 50 male and 50 female, were evaluated with anthropometric measurements, body fat analysis, muscle strength evaluation, and magnetic resonance imaging measurements of the intercondylar notch and cross-sectional area of the anterior cruciate ligament at the outlet. The male players were taller and heavier than their female counterparts, although they had 11% less body fat. Male players had statistically greater quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength than female players, even when adjustments were made for body weight. With adjustments for body weight, the size of the anterior cruciate ligament in girls was found to be statistically smaller than in boys. There was no statistically significant difference in the notch width index between the sexes. The study data support our hypothesis that sex differences in anterior cruciate ligament tear rates are caused primarily by several interrelated intrinsic factors. Most importantly, stiffness and muscular strength increase stress on the anterior cruciate ligament in female athletes. The anterior cruciate ligament, when adjustments have been made for body weight, is smaller in female athletes, and therefore, probably does not compensate for the lack of stiffness and strength.
我们进行了一项前瞻性研究，基于以下假设：在对体重进行调整后，男性和女性在力量方面存在生理差异；前交叉韧带的大小与其拮抗肌股四头肌的力量成正比；女性的前交叉韧带相对较小，因此她们更容易发生数量不成比例的前交叉韧带损伤。对100名匹配的高中篮球运动员进行了评估，其中50名男性和50名女性，评估内容包括人体测量、体脂分析、肌肉力量评估以及髁间切迹的磁共振成像测量和前交叉韧带出口处的横截面积测量。男性运动员比女性运动员更高更重，尽管他们的体脂少11%。即使对体重进行了调整，男性运动员的股四头肌和腘绳肌力量在统计学上仍比女性运动员更大。在对体重进行调整后，发现女孩的前交叉韧带大小在统计学上比男孩的小。两性之间的切迹宽度指数没有统计学上的显著差异。研究数据支持我们的假设，即前交叉韧带撕裂率的性别差异主要由几个相互关联的内在因素引起。最重要的是，僵硬和肌肉力量会增加女运动员前交叉韧带的应力。在对体重进行调整后，女运动员的前交叉韧带较小，因此可能无法弥补僵硬和力量的不足。
