Drew P, Sayres R, Watanabe K, Shimojo S
Division of Biology, Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2001 Jan;136(2):256-62. doi: 10.1007/s002210000605.
There is significant evidence for higher-level cortical control of pupillary responses to visual stimuli, suggesting that factors other than luminance changes may induce a pupillary response. In the present study, the pupillary responses to equiluminant flickering stimuli in a range of 3-13 Hz were examined. Flicker stimuli included color-black (luminance-modulated) and color-color (hue-modulated) flicker. Equiluminance was determined both by objective luminance measures as well as by subjective, perceptual equiluminance for each subject. For both objectively and subjectively equiluminant flicker, significant, sustained pupillary constrictions were recorded. The magnitude of these responses was sensitive to both color and frequency parameters; red-blue color-paired flicker consistently produced the strongest constrictions. These responses occurred even when the flicker was of a lower luminance, both physically and perceptually, than a preceding nonflickering color, indicating that chromatic rather than luminance-sensitive mechanisms are involved in this response. Interestingly, the color- and frequency-sensitivity of constriction parallels those of flickers which maximally stimulate photosensitive epileptic patients, raising the possibility that chromatic response may be a factor in photosensitivity.
有大量证据表明，存在对视觉刺激的瞳孔反应的高级皮质控制，这表明除了亮度变化之外的因素可能会诱发瞳孔反应。在本研究中，研究了在3 - 13赫兹范围内对等亮度闪烁刺激的瞳孔反应。闪烁刺激包括颜色 - 黑色（亮度调制）和颜色 - 颜色（色调调制）闪烁。等亮度通过客观亮度测量以及每个受试者的主观感知等亮度来确定。对于客观和主观等亮度闪烁，均记录到了显著的、持续的瞳孔收缩。这些反应的幅度对颜色和频率参数均敏感；红 - 蓝颜色配对的闪烁始终产生最强的收缩。即使闪烁在物理和感知上的亮度都低于先前的非闪烁颜色，这些反应仍会发生，这表明该反应涉及的是颜色敏感机制而非亮度敏感机制。有趣的是，收缩的颜色和频率敏感性与最大程度刺激光敏性癫痫患者的闪烁的敏感性相似，这增加了颜色反应可能是光敏性因素之一的可能性。
