Huda S N, Grantham-McGregor S M, Tomkins A
Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
J Nutr. 2001 Jan;131(1):72-7. doi: 10.1093/jn/131.1.72.
Iodine supplementation before pregnancy in iodine-deficient women prevents cretinism and neuromotor deficits in their offspring. It is unclear whether iodine supplementation benefits cognitive function in iodine-deficient school-aged children. We therefore conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of the effects of iodized poppy seed oil (Lipiodol) on cognitive and motor function and weight gain of iodine-deficient school children. The study was conducted with 305 children in grades 1 and 2 from 10 primary schools in two iodine-deficient areas in Bangladesh. The children were stratified by school and grade and randomly assigned to receive 400 mg of oral Lipiodol or a placebo. All children were given a battery of cognitive and motor function tests and had their weights, serum thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and urinary iodine levels measured before and 4 mo after the intervention. On enrollment, both groups were moderately iodine deficient (median urinary iodine values: placebo group = 3.3 micromol/L, n = 148; iodine group = 3.1 micromol/L, n = 152; goiter prevalence in both groups >95%). However, their T4 and TSH levels were within the normal range. After 4 mo, there was a significant treatment effect on urinary iodine levels (P < 0.0001), but the levels of the treated group were still below normal (median = 7.9 micromol/L). No significant differences were found in T4 and TSH levels, weight gain, cognitive or motor function. The findings suggest that Lipiodol supplementation in moderately iodine-deficient children with normal T4 levels is unlikely to benefit their cognitive function. However, it remains possible that other iodine preparations may have benefits.
碘缺乏妇女在孕前补充碘可预防其后代患克汀病和神经运动功能缺陷。目前尚不清楚补充碘是否对碘缺乏的学龄儿童的认知功能有益。因此，我们进行了一项双盲、随机、对照试验，以研究碘化罂粟籽油（碘油）对碘缺乏学龄儿童的认知和运动功能以及体重增加的影响。该研究在孟加拉国两个碘缺乏地区的10所小学的305名一、二年级儿童中进行。这些儿童按学校和年级分层，随机分配接受400毫克口服碘油或安慰剂。所有儿童在干预前和干预后4个月均接受了一系列认知和运动功能测试，并测量了体重、血清甲状腺素（T4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）和尿碘水平。入组时，两组均存在中度碘缺乏（尿碘中位数：安慰剂组=3.3微摩尔/升，n = 148；碘组=3.1微摩尔/升，n = 152；两组甲状腺肿患病率>95%）。然而，他们的T4和TSH水平在正常范围内。4个月后，尿碘水平有显著的治疗效果（P < 0.0001），但治疗组的水平仍低于正常水平（中位数=7.9微摩尔/升）。在T4和TSH水平、体重增加、认知或运动功能方面未发现显著差异。研究结果表明，在T4水平正常的中度碘缺乏儿童中补充碘油不太可能使其认知功能受益。然而，其他碘制剂仍有可能有益。
