Carmichael S L, Prince C B, Burr R, Nakamoto F, Vogt R L
Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga., USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2001 Jan;101(1):57-62. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00016-5.
To describe breast-feeding practices and identify correlates of breast-feeding among participants in the Hawaii Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program.
A cross-sectional survey.
SUBJECTS/SETTING: We conducted structured, in-person interviews with 535 women at WIC clinics throughout Hawaii (95% response rate). The interview collected information on maternal characteristics and infant-feeding practices.
Breast-feeding prevalence was examined by infant age and predictors of infant-feeding method were examined via bivariate tests and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Reported breast-feeding promotion efforts in health care settings outside of WIC were also examined.
Most women (82%) attempted to breast-feed, albeit for short durations for many women; of the women who breast-fed in combination with formula feeding, 46% introduced formula within the first week after delivery. Significant predictors of breast-feeding initiation included previous breast-feeding experience, having a close relative or friend who breast-fed, multiparity, Asian/Pacific Island ethnicity (other than Filipino), and being foreign-born. Significant predictors of mixed feeding (vs exclusive breast-feeding) included working or attending school, age less than 20 years, Hawaiian/part Hawaiian or Filipino ethnicity, being Hawaiian-born, and residing in Oahu county.
Although most women in this population initiated breast-feeding, formula was usually introduced at an early age. This study identified several factors associated with breast-feeding initiation and exclusive breast-feeding, factors that may prove useful for the development of appropriate interventions to promote these behaviors.
描述夏威夷妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划（WIC）参与者的母乳喂养情况，并确定母乳喂养的相关因素。
横断面调查。
研究对象/地点：我们在夏威夷各地的WIC诊所对535名女性进行了结构化的面对面访谈（应答率为95%）。访谈收集了产妇特征和婴儿喂养方式的信息。
按婴儿年龄检查母乳喂养率，并通过双变量检验和多变量逻辑回归分析检查婴儿喂养方式的预测因素。还调查了WIC以外的医疗机构中报告的母乳喂养促进措施。
大多数女性（82%）尝试进行母乳喂养，尽管许多女性母乳喂养的时间较短；在同时进行母乳喂养和配方奶喂养的女性中，4D%在产后第一周内就开始使用配方奶。开始母乳喂养的重要预测因素包括既往母乳喂养经历、有进行母乳喂养的近亲或朋友、经产妇、亚洲/太平洋岛民种族（非菲律宾人）以及外国出生。混合喂养（与纯母乳喂养相比）的重要预测因素包括工作或上学、年龄小于20岁、夏威夷/部分夏威夷或菲律宾种族、夏威夷出生以及居住在瓦胡岛。
尽管该人群中的大多数女性开始了母乳喂养，但通常在早期就引入了配方奶。本研究确定了与开始母乳喂养和纯母乳喂养相关的几个因素，这些因素可能对制定促进这些行为的适当干预措施有用。
