Takakura M, Sakihara S
Department of School Health, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
J Epidemiol. 2000 Nov;10(6):383-91. doi: 10.2188/jea.10.383.
To determine psychosocial factors associated both with depressive symptoms and with gender differences in depressive symptoms among junior high school students, we conducted self-administered questionnaires using a sample of 2,660 students of 13 public junior high schools in Okinawa, Japan. Depressive symptomatology was measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The psychosocial variables examined were life stresses, social support, health practices, self-esteem, and locus of control. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with life stresses and negatively associated with health practices, social support, self-esteem, and internal locus of control. In addition, female students were likely to report more depressive symptoms, life stresses, and low self-esteem and poor health practices. After controlling for the psychosocial variables differed by gender, gender differences in depressive symptoms were eliminated. In conclusion, for depressive symptoms of junior high school students, life stresses might be risk factors, but positive health practices, social support, high self-esteem, and internal locus of control might be protective factors. Gender differences in depressive symptoms could be explained by the females' elevation on these psychosocial variables.
为了确定与初中生抑郁症状以及抑郁症状中的性别差异相关的心理社会因素，我们以日本冲绳县13所公立初中的2660名学生为样本进行了自填式问卷调查。抑郁症状通过流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）进行测量。所考察的心理社会变量包括生活压力、社会支持、健康行为、自尊和控制点。抑郁症状与生活压力呈正相关，与健康行为、社会支持、自尊和内控点呈负相关。此外，女生更有可能报告更多的抑郁症状、生活压力、低自尊和不良的健康行为。在控制了因性别而异的心理社会变量后，抑郁症状的性别差异消失了。总之，对于初中生的抑郁症状而言，生活压力可能是危险因素，但积极的健康行为、社会支持、高自尊和内控点可能是保护因素。抑郁症状的性别差异可以通过女性在这些心理社会变量上的升高来解释。
