Xiao B G, Link H
Division of Neurology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Oct 1;56(1-2):5-21. doi: 10.1007/s000180050002.
Although the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases remains poorly understood, the current view is that autoaggresive antigen-specific T cells play a central role in the cascade of events leading to most autoimmune diseases. A major event in the development of autoimmune diseases is the activation of antigen-specific T cells-how, when and where does this activation take place? This review addresses questions concerning the occurrence of unique autoantigens triggering autoimmune diseases, the factors influencing the balance between self-tolerance and autoaggresive immunity, and the mechanisms by which dendritic cells mediate immunity and tolerance to antigen-specific T cells. Knowledge of how antigen-specific T cells are activated is now being used to develop therapeutic approaches to control autoimmune diseases. We discuss tolerance to antigen-specific T cells and tolerance induction as treatment of T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Therapeutic modalities have been established which selectively target the pathogenic T cells. leaving the remainder of the immune system intact.
尽管自身免疫性疾病的发病机制仍未得到充分了解，但目前的观点认为，自身攻击性抗原特异性T细胞在导致大多数自身免疫性疾病的一系列事件中起着核心作用。自身免疫性疾病发展过程中的一个主要事件是抗原特异性T细胞的激活——这种激活是如何、何时以及在何处发生的？本综述探讨了有关引发自身免疫性疾病的独特自身抗原的出现、影响自身耐受与自身攻击性免疫之间平衡的因素，以及树突状细胞介导对抗原特异性T细胞的免疫和耐受的机制等问题。目前，关于抗原特异性T细胞如何被激活的知识正被用于开发控制自身免疫性疾病的治疗方法。我们讨论了对抗原特异性T细胞的耐受以及作为T细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病治疗方法的耐受诱导。已经建立了选择性靶向致病性T细胞的治疗方式，同时保持免疫系统的其余部分完好无损。
