Sunku B, Marino R V, Sockolow R
Department of Pediatrics, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA.
J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2000 Dec;100(12 Suppl Pt 2):S11-5.
Gastroesophageal reflux is a common problem that occurs in the pediatric population. Gastroesophageal reflux refers to the retrograde passage of gastric contents into the esophagus. Current thinking implicates transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations as a major cause for reflux. Infants generally present with symptoms of regurgitation, whereas symptoms of esophagitis are more common in older children. When there are dangerous consequences secondary to gastroesophageal reflux, it is termed gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD has been shown to manifest with respiratory symptoms and a pathologic process. A variety of diagnostic procedures are available for the assessment of GERD which include barium swallow, pH probe, scintigraphy, and endoscopy with esophageal biopsy. Medical management of GERD primarily involves prokinetic agents and acid suppression therapy. Surgical therapy, albeit less common, now still has its role in the treatment of GERD.
胃食管反流是儿科人群中常见的问题。胃食管反流是指胃内容物逆行进入食管。目前的观点认为，一过性下食管括约肌松弛是反流的主要原因。婴儿通常表现为反流症状，而食管炎症状在大龄儿童中更为常见。当胃食管反流继发有危险后果时，称为胃食管反流病（GERD）。GERD已被证明可表现为呼吸道症状和一种病理过程。有多种诊断方法可用于评估GERD，包括吞钡检查、pH探头监测、闪烁扫描以及食管活检的内镜检查。GERD的药物治疗主要包括促动力剂和抑酸治疗。手术治疗虽然不太常见，但在GERD的治疗中仍有其作用。
