Jung A D
University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, 67214-3199, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2001 Dec 1;64(11):1853-60.
Gastroesophageal reflux is a common, self-limited process in infants that usually resolves by six to 12 months of age. Effective, conservative management involves thickened feedings, positional treatment, and parental reassurance. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a less common, more serious pathologic process that usually warrants medical management and diagnostic evaluation. Differential diagnosis includes upper gastrointestinal tract disorders; cow's milk allergy; and metabolic, infectious, renal, and central nervous system diseases. Pharmacologic management of GERD includes a prokinetic agent such as metoclopramide or cisapride and a histamine-receptor type 2 antagonist such as cimetidine or ranitidine when esophagitis is suspected. Although recent studies have supported the cautious use of cisapride in childhood GERD, the drug is currently not routinely available in the United States.
胃食管反流在婴儿中是一种常见的自限性过程，通常在6至12个月大时自行缓解。有效的保守治疗包括浓稠喂养、体位治疗以及安抚家长。胃食管反流病（GERD）是一种较不常见、更严重的病理过程，通常需要药物治疗和诊断评估。鉴别诊断包括上消化道疾病、牛奶过敏以及代谢、感染、肾脏和中枢神经系统疾病。当怀疑有食管炎时，GERD的药物治疗包括使用促动力剂如甲氧氯普胺或西沙必利，以及组胺2型受体拮抗剂如西咪替丁或雷尼替丁。尽管最近的研究支持在儿童GERD中谨慎使用西沙必利，但该药物目前在美国并非常规可用。
