Kumar S
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Ergonomics. 2001 Jan 15;44(1):17-47. doi: 10.1080/00140130120716.
Based on the scientific evidence in published literature about precipitation of musculoskeletal injuries in the workplace, four theories have been proposed to explain these afflictions. Central to all theories is the presupposition that all occupational musculoskeletal injuries are biomechanical in nature. Disruption of mechanical order of a biological system is dependent on the individual components and their mechanical properties. These common denominators will be causally affected by the individual's genetic endowment, morphological characteristics and psychosocial makeup, and by the occupational biomechanical hazards. This phenomenon is explained by the Multivariate Interaction Theory. Differential Fatigue Theory accounts for unbalanced and asymmetric occupational activities creating differential fatigue and thereby a kinetic and kinematic imbalance resulting in injury precipitation. Cumulative Load Theory suggests a threshold range of load and repetition product beyond which injury precipitates, as all material substances have a finite life. Finally, Overexertion Theory claims that exertion exceeding the tolerance limit precipitates occupational musculoskeletal injury. It is also suggested that while these theories may explain the immediate mechanism of precipitation of injuries, they all operate simultaneously and interact to modulate injuries to varying degrees in different cases.
基于已发表文献中关于工作场所肌肉骨骼损伤诱发因素的科学证据，人们提出了四种理论来解释这些疾病。所有理论的核心前提是，所有职业性肌肉骨骼损伤本质上都是生物力学方面的。生物系统机械秩序的破坏取决于各个组成部分及其机械性能。这些共同因素将受到个体的遗传禀赋、形态特征和心理社会构成，以及职业生物力学危害的因果影响。这种现象由多变量相互作用理论来解释。差异疲劳理论认为，不平衡和不对称的职业活动会产生差异疲劳，从而导致动力学和运动学失衡，进而引发损伤。累积负荷理论表明，由于所有物质都有有限的寿命，负荷与重复次数的乘积存在一个阈值范围，超过该范围就会引发损伤。最后，过度劳累理论声称，超过耐受极限的用力会引发职业性肌肉骨骼损伤。还有观点认为，虽然这些理论可能解释了损伤诱发的直接机制，但它们在不同情况下都会同时起作用并相互影响，以不同程度调节损伤情况。
