Vieira Edgar Ramos, Kumar Shrawan
Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
J Occup Rehabil. 2004 Jun;14(2):143-59. doi: 10.1023/b:joor.0000018330.46029.05.
Working postures are addressed in many papers in the ergonomics field but, surprisingly, scientific literature dealing with working posture itself is not common; knowledge has been elusive. This article reviews the working postures literature. Selected papers published in the English language before March 2003 including the phrase "working postures" in the title, abstract, or keywords were searched in the PubMed, Scirus, and Science Direct databases and reviewed. The literature provides evidence that working postures and musculoskeletal health are related. This relationship is supported by the overexertion, differential fatigue, and cumulative load theories of musculoskeletal injuries' precipitation. Goniometers, inclinometers, photographic techniques, electrogoniometers, and video recording systems are the means that are most often used to measure working postures. Information about working postures need to be collected and analyzed in a more systematic way in order to contribute for a deeper understanding of the relationship between working postures and work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This information will help to improve the control and rehabilitation of these highly prevalent disorders.
工作姿势在人体工程学领域的许多论文中都有涉及，但令人惊讶的是，专门探讨工作姿势本身的科学文献并不常见；相关知识一直难以捉摸。本文对工作姿势方面的文献进行了综述。在PubMed、Scirus和Science Direct数据库中搜索了2003年3月之前发表的、标题、摘要或关键词中包含“工作姿势”一词的英文精选论文并进行了综述。文献表明工作姿势与肌肉骨骼健康有关。这种关系得到了肌肉骨骼损伤诱发的过度劳累、差异疲劳和累积负荷理论的支持。角度计、倾角仪、摄影技术、电子角度计和视频记录系统是最常用于测量工作姿势的手段。为了更深入地理解工作姿势与工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病之间的关系，需要以更系统的方式收集和分析有关工作姿势的信息。这些信息将有助于改善对这些高度普遍疾病的控制和康复。
