Billat L V
Faculty of Sport Science, University Lille, France.
Sports Med. 2001;31(1):13-31. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200131010-00002.
This article traces the history of scientific and empirical interval training. Scientific research has shed some light on the choice of intensity, work duration and rest periods in so-called 'interval training'. Interval training involves repeated short to long bouts of rather high intensity exercise (equal or superior to maximal lactate steady-state velocity) interspersed with recovery periods (light exercise or rest). Interval training was first described by Reindell and Roskamm and was popularised in the 1950s by the Olympic champion, Emil Zatopek. Since then middle- and long- distance runners have used this technique to train at velocities close to their own specific competition velocity. In fact, trainers have used specific velocities from 800 to 5000m to calibrate interval training without taking into account physiological markers. However, outside of the competition season it seems better to refer to the velocities associated with particular physiological responses in the range from maximal lactate steady state to the absolute maximal velocity. The range of velocities used in a race must be taken into consideration, since even world records are not run at a constant pace.
本文追溯了科学的和经验性间歇训练的历史。科学研究已经对所谓“间歇训练”中的强度选择、运动持续时间和休息时间有所阐明。间歇训练包括重复进行短至长的高强度运动（等于或高于最大乳酸稳态速度），并穿插恢复期（轻度运动或休息）。间歇训练最初由赖德尔和罗斯卡姆描述，并在二十世纪五十年代由奥运冠军埃米尔·扎托佩克推广开来。从那时起，中长跑运动员就使用这种技术以接近他们各自特定比赛速度的速度进行训练。事实上，教练们使用从800米到5000米的特定速度来校准间歇训练，而没有考虑生理指标。然而，在非比赛季节，参考从最大乳酸稳态到绝对最大速度范围内与特定生理反应相关的速度似乎更好。比赛中使用的速度范围必须考虑在内，因为即使世界纪录也不是以恒定速度跑出来的。
