Norman J F, Dawson T E, Butler A K
Department of Psychology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
Perception. 2000;29(11):1335-59. doi: 10.1068/p3111.
The ability of younger and older adults to perceive the 3-D shape, depth, and curvature of smooth surfaces defined by differential motion and binocular disparity was evaluated in six experiments. The number of points defining the surfaces and their spatial and temporal correspondences were manipulated. For stereoscopic sinusoidal surfaces, the spatial frequency of the corrugations was also varied. For surfaces defined by motion, the lifetimes of the individual points in the patterns were varied, and comparisons were made between the perception of surfaces defined by points and that of more ecologically valid textured surfaces. In all experiments, the older observers were less sensitive to the depths and curvatures of the surfaces, although the deficits were much larger for motion-defined surfaces. The results demonstrate that older adults can extract depth and shape from optical patterns containing only differential motion or binocular disparity, but these abilities are often manifested at reduced levels of performance.
在六个实验中，评估了年轻人和老年人感知由差异运动和双眼视差定义的光滑表面的三维形状、深度和曲率的能力。对定义表面的点数及其空间和时间对应关系进行了操控。对于立体正弦表面，波纹的空间频率也有所变化。对于由运动定义的表面，图案中各个点的寿命有所不同，并对由点定义的表面的感知与更符合生态的纹理表面的感知进行了比较。在所有实验中，年长的观察者对表面的深度和曲率不太敏感，尽管对于由运动定义的表面，缺陷要大得多。结果表明，老年人能够从仅包含差异运动或双眼视差的光学图案中提取深度和形状，但这些能力通常在较低的表现水平上体现出来。
