Petinou K C, Schwartz R G, Gravel J S, Raphael L J
City University of New York, USA.
Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2001 Jan-Mar;36(1):21-42. doi: 10.1080/13682820150217554.
This investigation examined the effects of otitis media with effusion (OME) and its associated fluctuating conductive hearing loss on the perception of phonological and morphophonological /s/ and /z/ in young children. We predicted that children free of OME (OME-) would perform better than children with histories of OME (OME+). We also predicted that for the OME+ group morphological perception would be harder than phonological perception, because the former category carries an additional linguistic load (i.e., plurality). Sixteen children, ages 26 to 28 months (M = 26.5, SD = 0.6) were divided into two groups, the OME- (n = 8) and OME+ (n = 8) based on OME history during the first year of life. Subjects in the OME- group were free of the disease for 4/5 visits and pure tone average (PTA) was 12.6 dB HL (SD = 4.8). Subjects in the OME+ group had the disease on 3/5 visits and PTA was 23 dB HL (SD = 2.7). Experimental stimuli were six monosyllabic novel word-pairs. Members of each word-pair differed only in the presence of final voiced or voiceless fricative, marking the targets phonologically (e.g., [g [symbol: see text]]/[g [symbol: see text] s] as in 'law', 'loss') or morphophonologically (e.g., [daep]/[daeps] as in 'map' 'maps'). Subjects were taught the unfamiliar word pairs using a fast mapping procedure. Perception was tested with the bimodal preferential looking paradigm. Children in the OME- group performed significantly better than their OME+ counterparts. Individual word-pair analyses showed that OME+ group performed more poorly than the OME- group on one phonological and on two morphological targets, all ending with [s]. For the OME+ group, targets with final [s] posed greater difficulty than those with final [z], especially on morphophonological plural-(s) targets. The results suggested that the fluctuating hearing loss associated with OME might have a negative impact on speech perception.
本研究考察了中耳积液（OME）及其相关的波动性传导性听力损失对幼儿语音和形态音位/s/及/z/感知的影响。我们预测，无OME（OME-）的儿童在表现上会优于有OME病史（OME+）的儿童。我们还预测，对于OME+组，形态感知会比语音感知更难，因为前一类别带有额外的语言负荷（即复数形式）。16名年龄在26至28个月（M = 26.5，SD = 0.6）的儿童根据出生后第一年的OME病史被分为两组，OME-组（n = 8）和OME+组（n = 8）。OME-组的儿童在5次就诊中有4次未患该病，纯音平均听阈（PTA）为12.6 dB HL（SD = 4.8）。OME+组的儿童在5次就诊中有3次患该病，PTA为23 dB HL（SD = 2.7）。实验刺激是六对单音节新造词。每对词的成员仅在词尾浊擦音或清擦音上存在差异，在语音层面标记目标（例如，[g [符号：见原文]]/[g [符号：见原文] s]，如“law”“loss”）或形态音位层面（例如，[daep]/[daeps]，如“map”“maps”）。使用快速映射程序向受试者教授这些不熟悉的词对。采用双峰优先注视范式测试感知。OME-组的儿童表现明显优于其OME+组的对应儿童。单个词对分析表明，OME+组在一个语音目标和两个形态目标上的表现均不如OME-组，所有这些目标均以[s]结尾。对于OME+组，以[s]结尾的目标比以[z]结尾的目标带来更大困难，尤其是在形态音位复数形式 -（s）目标上。结果表明，与OME相关的波动性听力损失可能会对言语感知产生负面影响。
