Niederlová J, Koubek K
Katedra fyziologie zivocichů a vývojové biologie, Prírodovĕdecké fakulty Univerzity Karlovy, Vinicná 7, 121 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
Sb Lek. 1999;100(3):169-89.
Chemokines form a new superfamily of small glycoproteins. They are key molecules that activate and direct the migration of different types of leukocytes from the blood stream into sites of infection and inflammation. In addition to this role certain chemokines have been reported to act on different types of cells (e.g. hematopoietic progenitor cells, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes). Other of them also play a role in wound healing, in angiogenesis and in viral infections. These molecules have a high degree of amino acid sequence homology and they have four conserved cysteins forming two essential disulphide bonds. They are divided into four classes (families) depending on the position of the first two cystein residues. Chemokines mediate their proinflammatory effects by binding to a variety of specific receptors, belonging to the G protein-coupled superfamily of seven-transmembrane (serpentine) receptors. Some of this receptors serve as coreceptors for HIV-viruses, some of them could be expressed as markers preferentially in Th1 or Th2 subpopulations. This paper summarizes data on chemokines and their receptors, target cells and production in physiological and pathological conditions.
趋化因子构成了一个新的小糖蛋白超家族。它们是关键分子，可激活并引导不同类型的白细胞从血流迁移至感染和炎症部位。除了这一作用外，据报道某些趋化因子还作用于不同类型的细胞（如造血祖细胞、树突状细胞、成纤维细胞、角质形成细胞）。它们中的其他一些在伤口愈合、血管生成和病毒感染中也发挥作用。这些分子具有高度的氨基酸序列同源性，并且有四个保守的半胱氨酸形成两个必需的二硫键。根据前两个半胱氨酸残基的位置，它们被分为四类（家族）。趋化因子通过与多种特异性受体结合来介导其促炎作用，这些受体属于七跨膜（蛇形）受体的G蛋白偶联超家族。其中一些受体作为HIV病毒的共受体，其中一些可以优先作为Th1或Th2亚群中的标志物表达。本文总结了有关趋化因子及其受体、靶细胞以及在生理和病理条件下产生情况的数据。
