Post traumatic stress disorder and spinal cord injuries.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was first recognised by psychiatric international classification systems in 1980 and a wealth of research and treatment literature has developed since. This paper provides a review of PTSD and Spinal Cord Injuries. A brief history of the disorder is provided before descriptions of the defining characteristics, assessment and differential diagnoses. The paper provides an overview of the incidence and prevalence of PTSD and risk factors within the general population, before considering both veteran and non-veteran research within spinal cord injuries. Pharmacological and psychological approaches to the treatment of PTSD are also discussed. The review closes with recommendations for future research into the prevalence and treatment of PTSD in spinal cord injuries.