Griffiths R.R., Troisi J.R., Silverman K., Mumford G.K.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Research Campus, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Behav Pharmacol. 1993 Feb;4(1):3-13.
Two experiments demonstrated the efficiency of assessing drug reinforcement in humans by using a novel multiple-choice procedure. The distinguishing characteristic of the procedure is that it arranges intermittent reinforcement for choices between pairs of potential reinforcers. The procedure has three key operations: (1) a subject is exposed to the potential reinforcers; (2) a subject then makes two or more choices on a questionnaire; for each choice, the subject is required to choose one of two potential reinforcers (e.g. drug vs. drug choices and/or drug vs. money choices); and (3) subsequently only one of the choices, randomly selected, is reinforced. In the present experiments, two variations of the multiple-choice procedure were evaluated in twelve male drug abusers. Both experiments assessed the reinforcing effects of three drug conditions (200 and 400) mg/70kg pentobarbital and placebo) which were presented no more often than every to other day. The experiments demonstrated dose-related choice of pentobarbital over money as well as choice of a higher dose of pentobarbital over a lower dose or placebo. Orderly data were generated with a single-session exposure to each drug condition. Multiple-choice procedures should have applicability, not only to the investigation of drug reinforcement, but also to the study of non-drug reinforcement in humans.
两项实验证明了通过一种新颖的多项选择程序来评估人类药物强化作用的有效性。该程序的显著特点是对潜在强化物对之间的选择安排间歇性强化。该程序有三个关键操作：（1）让受试者接触潜在强化物；（2）然后让受试者在问卷上做出两个或更多选择；对于每个选择，受试者需要从两个潜在强化物中选择一个（例如药物与药物的选择和/或药物与金钱的选择）；（3）随后仅对随机选择的一个选择给予强化。在本实验中，对12名男性药物滥用者评估了多项选择程序的两种变体。两项实验都评估了三种药物条件（200毫克和400毫克/70千克戊巴比妥以及安慰剂）的强化作用，这些药物条件的呈现频率不超过每隔一天一次。实验证明了与剂量相关的戊巴比妥相对于金钱的选择，以及高剂量戊巴比妥相对于低剂量或安慰剂的选择。在单次接触每种药物条件时生成了有序的数据。多项选择程序不仅应适用于药物强化的研究，也应适用于人类非药物强化的研究。
