Kawakami K, Nagatake T
Kawatana National Hospital.
Nihon Rinsho. 2000 Nov;58(11):2249-54.
Pneumonia is more frequent in the elderly and results in higher mortality. Primary viral pneumonia is not so common but important in severe cases. Chest X-ray shows grand-glass appearance or linear shadow in pure viral pneumonia cases. That is sometimes specific and clearly different from consolidation or infiltration with bacterial pneumonia. We can try to decrease pneumonia and influenza mortality, if we prevent influenza infections by vaccination and treat by anti-influenza drugs. Secondary bacterial pneumonias are more common, caused by such as Streptococcus pneumonia, Hemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis. Gram staining and the culture of purulent sputum was useful for treatment by antibiotics.
肺炎在老年人中更为常见，且导致更高的死亡率。原发性病毒性肺炎并不常见，但在严重病例中很重要。胸部X光在单纯病毒性肺炎病例中显示磨玻璃样外观或线状阴影。这有时具有特异性，明显不同于细菌性肺炎的实变或浸润。如果我们通过接种疫苗预防流感感染并用抗流感药物进行治疗，就可以降低肺炎和流感的死亡率。继发性细菌性肺炎更为常见，由肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、卡他莫拉菌等引起。革兰氏染色和脓性痰培养有助于使用抗生素进行治疗。
