Ozawa H, Noma S, Nonaka I
Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Hachioji Children's Hospital.
Nihon Rinsho. 2000 Nov;58(11):2276-81.
Myositis and rhabdomyolysis with influenza are rare, but sometimes serious complications. Patients with myositis more commonly have influenza B infection than influenza A. On the other hand, rhabdomyolysis are more frequently recognized in patients with influenza A infection than those with influenza B. Upper respiratory symptoms usually precede myositis, while rhabdomyolysis occurs simultaneously or shortly after the respiratory symptoms. Creatine kinase levels are elevated in myositis mildly and in rhabdomyolysis markedly. Influenza myositis improve spontaneously within 6 weeks, but influenza rhabdomyolysis sometimes induce renal failure with fatal outcome. Although the true incidence of myositis and rhabdomyolysis in the influenza infection remains unknown, careful medical care is necessary when patients have muscle pain and weakness.
流感相关的肌炎和横纹肌溶解症较为罕见,但有时是严重的并发症。患肌炎的患者感染乙型流感比甲型流感更为常见。另一方面,甲型流感感染患者比乙型流感感染患者更常出现横纹肌溶解症。上呼吸道症状通常先于肌炎出现,而横纹肌溶解症则在呼吸道症状出现的同时或之后不久发生。肌炎时肌酸激酶水平轻度升高,横纹肌溶解症时则显著升高。流感性肌炎在6周内可自发改善,但流感性横纹肌溶解症有时会导致肾衰竭并造成致命后果。尽管流感感染中肌炎和横纹肌溶解症的实际发病率尚不清楚,但当患者出现肌肉疼痛和无力时,仍需仔细的医疗护理。