May R C, Machesky L M
School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
J Cell Sci. 2001 Mar;114(Pt 6):1061-77. doi: 10.1242/jcs.114.6.1061.
The process of engulfing a foreign particle - phagocytosis - is of fundamental importance for a wide diversity of organisms. From simple unicellular organisms that use phagocytosis to obtain their next meal, to complex metazoans in which phagocytic cells represent an essential branch of the immune system, evolution has armed cells with a fantastic repertoire of molecules that serve to bring about this complex event. Regardless of the organism or specific molecules concerned, however, all phagocytic processes are driven by a finely controlled rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. A variety of signals can converge to locally reorganise the actin cytoskeleton at a phagosome, and there are significant similarities and differences between different organisms and between different engulfment processes within the same organism. Recent advances have demonstrated the complexity of phagocytic signalling, such as the involvement of phosphoinostide lipids and multicomponent signalling complexes in transducing signals from phagocytic receptors to the cytoskeleton. Similarly, a wide diversity of 'effector molecules' are now implicated in actin-remodelling downstream of these receptors.
吞噬外来颗粒的过程——吞噬作用——对各种各样的生物体至关重要。从利用吞噬作用获取下一餐的简单单细胞生物，到吞噬细胞是免疫系统重要分支的复杂后生动物，进化为细胞配备了一系列奇妙的分子，以促成这一复杂过程。然而，无论涉及何种生物体或特定分子，所有吞噬过程均由肌动蛋白细胞骨架的精细控制重排驱动。多种信号可汇聚，在吞噬体处局部重组肌动蛋白细胞骨架，不同生物体之间以及同一生物体内不同吞噬过程之间存在显著的异同。最近的进展已证明吞噬信号传导的复杂性，例如磷酸肌醇脂质和多组分信号复合物在将信号从吞噬受体传递至细胞骨架中的作用。同样，现在各种各样的“效应分子”都与这些受体下游的肌动蛋白重塑有关。
