Boothe D M
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2000 May;3(2):371-94, v. doi: 10.1016/s1094-9194(17)30077-4.
Differences in the disposition of drugs among exotic animals is a well-recognized hurdle when treating disease. Differences exist in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and disease processes. This article focuses on the principles of treating respiratory tract diseases, with the recognition that not all drugs are indicated for use in all exotic species. The discussion begins with a description of respiratory physiology as it pertains to response to drugs, using the mammalian lung as a template. The role of respiratory defense mechanisms in airway protection and disease is addressed. Drugs used to treat the respiratory tract include the bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs that modify respiratory secretions (e.g., mucolytics, mucokinetics, and expectorants), antitussive drugs, and decongestants. Aerosolization is an important adjuvant for respiratory therapy as long as precautions are met. Infectious diseases are among the more common respiratory diseases encountered, and the discussion includes a focus on the use of antibiotics for treating respiratory tract infections.
在治疗疾病时，外来动物对药物处置的差异是一个公认的障碍。药物代谢动力学、药效学和疾病过程都存在差异。本文着重讨论治疗呼吸道疾病的原则，同时认识到并非所有药物都适用于所有外来物种。讨论首先描述与药物反应相关的呼吸生理学，以哺乳动物的肺作为模板。阐述了呼吸防御机制在气道保护和疾病中的作用。用于治疗呼吸道的药物包括支气管扩张剂和抗炎药、改变呼吸道分泌物的药物（如黏液溶解剂、黏液促动剂和祛痰剂）、镇咳药和解充血药。只要采取预防措施，雾化是呼吸治疗的重要辅助手段。传染病是较为常见的呼吸道疾病，讨论内容包括治疗呼吸道感染时抗生素的使用。
