A novel approach to studying the migratory morphology of embryonic mesenchymal cells.

A polarized morphology, defined by extension of an anterior pseudopod, is essential for the amoeboid migration of embryonic mesenchymal cells. Leukocytes adopt a similar morphology immediately following suspension in simple buffers containing chemotactic factors. Polarization in suspension therefore provides a rapid and sensitive screening assay for putative regulators of leukocyte migration. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this assay might also be used to study the motile behaviour of embryonic mesenchymal cells. Primary cultures of mesenchymal cells were established from explants of stage 28 chick embryo corneal-limbal stroma. Serum-starved, subconfluent cultures were harvested using ethylene-diamine tetra-acetic acid and resuspended in Hanks' solution for up to 15 min at 37 degrees C. A variety of cell shapes, including spherical cells, blebbed cells, and cells with either non-polarized or polarized pseudopodia were observed. The proportions of cells with pseudopodia increased significantly over time. Treatment of cells with the chemotactic mitogen platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB, homodimer isoform) suppressed blebbing and increased both pseudopod formation and polarization. Optimal polarization occurred in concentrations of PDGF-BB that are similar to those required for optimal chemotaxis (10 ng x mL(-1)). The polarization observed in the absence of PDGF-BB suggests that the migration of cells examined in this study might be controlled at least in part by some intrinsic mechanism. In addition, the strong polarization response to PDGF-BB confirms the role for this growth factor during corneal development. Observations of mesenchymal cell morphology in suspension, therefore provide novel data regarding the motile behaviour of embryonic cells.