Morandin L A, Laverty T M, Kevan P G
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
J Econ Entomol. 2001 Feb;94(1):172-9. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-94.1.172.
Laboratory studies were conducted to assess tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Solanaceae), quality in relation to the level of buzz-pollination by bumble bees. Studies were conducted in commercial tomato greenhouses in the Leamington, Ontario, area to categorize bruising of tomato anther cones by bumble bees into five levels of bruising. The number of pollen grains per stigma was determined for each bruising level, and the bruising level was found to be a good predictor of stigmatic pollen load. Experimental flowers were pollinated by bumble bees and assigned to bruising levels based on the degree of anther cone discoloration. Fruit set, tomato weight, minimum diameter, the number of days until ripe, roundness, weight, percentage sugars, and number of seeds were assessed and compared among bruising level. Fruit set in flowers receiving no pollination visits was 30.2%, whereas, 83.3, 84.4, 81.2, and 100% of the flowers set fruit in bruising levels 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Minimum diameter, number of seeds, and tomato weight all increased from no bruising to different levels of bruising. There was no increase in weight or diameter above a bruising level of 1, and no increase in the number of seeds per fruit after a bruising level of 2. We found that pollination of tomato flowers greater than a bruising level of 2 (corresponding to approximately one to two bee visits) did not result in a significant increase in quality.
开展了实验室研究，以评估番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.，茄科）的品质与大黄蜂震动授粉水平之间的关系。研究在安大略省利明顿地区的商业番茄温室中进行，目的是将大黄蜂对番茄花药锥的擦伤分为五个擦伤等级。测定了每个擦伤等级下每个柱头的花粉粒数量，发现擦伤等级是柱头花粉负载量的良好预测指标。实验花朵由大黄蜂授粉，并根据花药锥变色程度分为不同的擦伤等级。对不同擦伤等级下的坐果率、番茄重量、最小直径、成熟所需天数、圆度、重量、含糖百分比和种子数量进行了评估和比较。未接受授粉访问的花朵坐果率为30.2%，而在擦伤等级1、2、3和4的花朵中，坐果率分别为83.3%、84.4%、81.2%和100%。最小直径、种子数量和番茄重量均从无擦伤增加到不同程度的擦伤。擦伤等级高于1时，重量和直径没有增加，擦伤等级高于2时，每个果实的种子数量没有增加。我们发现，擦伤等级大于2（相当于大约一到两次蜜蜂访问）的番茄花授粉后，品质没有显著提高。
