Bradshaw A
RCN Institute, Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK.
J Clin Nurs. 2000 May;9(3):321-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2702.2000.00399.x.
In the light of current political and professional debate in the United Kingdom concerning preparing nurses for competence, this paper takes an historical perspective, and considers how nursing competence was defined historically through an analysis of statutory syllabuses and nursing textbooks 1874-1977. Competence was perceived by nursing textbook writers to have four facets. Firstly, it involved the moral character of the nurse; secondly, it required technical knowledge, practical skill and procedure; thirdly, it depended on the role of the ward sister; and fourthly, it relied on the professional etiquette of right relationships. The analysis shows that the traditional system of nursing competence presumed a clearly defined purpose: the production of the bedside nurse, whose function was to care for the sick person. This raises a fundamental question for nursing today: what is the purpose of the modern nurse?
鉴于英国当前有关培养具备胜任能力护士的政治和专业辩论，本文从历史角度出发，通过分析1874年至1977年的法定教学大纲和护理教科书，探讨护理胜任能力在历史上是如何被定义的。护理教科书作者认为，胜任能力有四个方面。首先，它涉及护士的道德品质；其次，它需要技术知识、实践技能和程序；第三，它取决于病房护士长的角色；第四，它依赖于正确关系的专业礼仪。分析表明，传统的护理胜任能力体系假定了一个明确的目标：培养床边护士，其职责是照顾病人。这就为当今的护理工作提出了一个基本问题：现代护士的目标是什么？
