Graduate School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health, Victoria University of Wellington, P O Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
Nurse Educ Today. 2011 Feb;31(2):140-4. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2010.05.005. Epub 2010 Jun 9.
Assessing nurses' practical capability was a challenge in the past as it is today. In 1901 New Zealand established state registration of nurses, with a standardised three-year hospital-based training system and state final examinations. Nurses' practical capability was assessed in an oral and practical examination and in general nursing questions in written medical and surgical nursing papers. This historical research identifies the practical component of nursing assessed in these examinations, categorising it as nursing the patient, the room and the doctor. It considers changes in the nursing profession's view, 1900-1945, of the best way to assess nurses' practical capability. This shifted from the artificial setting of the oral and practical examination held by doctors and matrons, to a process of senior nurses assessing candidates in the more realistic setting of a ward. The research also considers whether the nursing or medical profession defined nursing practice. By the end of the time period, the nursing profession was claiming for itself the right to both determine and assess the practical component of nursing.
评估护士的实际能力在过去是一项挑战，在今天也是如此。1901 年，新西兰建立了护士国家注册制度，采用标准化的三年医院基础培训系统和国家期末考试。护士的实际能力通过口头和实践考试以及医学和外科护理论文中的一般护理问题进行评估。这项历史研究确定了这些考试中评估的护理实际部分，将其分类为护理患者、护理病房和护理医生。它考虑了 1900 年至 1945 年期间，护理行业对评估护士实际能力的最佳方式的看法的变化。这种变化从医生和护士长进行的口头和实践考试的人为环境，转变为高级护士在更现实的病房环境中评估候选人的过程。该研究还考虑了是护理还是医疗行业定义了护理实践。到该时期结束时，护理行业声称有权确定和评估护理的实际部分。
