León L F, Soulis E D, Kouwen N, Farquhar G J
Civil Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Water Res. 2001 Mar;35(4):997-1007. doi: 10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00336-5.
A distributed water quality model for nonpoint source pollution modeling in agricultural watersheds is described in this paper. A water quality component was developed for WATFLOOD (a flood forecast hydrological model) to deal with sediment and nutrient transport. The model uses a distributed group response unit approach for water quantity and quality modeling. Runoff, sediment yield and soluble nutrient concentrations are calculated separately for each land cover class, weighted by area and then routed downstream. With data extracted using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology for a local watershed, the model is calibrated for the hydrologic response and validated for the water quality component. The transferability of model parameters to other watersheds, especially those in remote areas without enough data for calibration, is a major problem in diffuse modeling. With the connection to GIS and the group response unit approach used in this paper, model portability increases substantially, which will improve nonpoint source modeling at the watershed-scale level.
本文介绍了一种用于农业流域非点源污染建模的分布式水质模型。为WATFLOOD（一种洪水预报水文模型）开发了一个水质组件，以处理泥沙和养分的输送。该模型采用分布式群组响应单元方法进行水量和水质建模。针对每个土地覆盖类别分别计算径流、产沙量和可溶性养分浓度，按面积加权后向下游输送。利用地理信息系统（GIS）技术提取当地流域的数据，对该模型进行水文响应校准，并对水质组件进行验证。在分布式建模中，模型参数向其他流域的可转移性是一个主要问题，尤其是那些没有足够数据进行校准的偏远地区。通过与GIS的连接以及本文采用的群组响应单元方法，模型的可移植性大幅提高，这将改善流域尺度的非点源建模。
