Hanson E K, Godaert G L, Maas C J, Meijman T F
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Biol Psychol. 2001 Mar;56(1):23-44. doi: 10.1016/s0301-0511(01)00066-7.
The effects of variables derived from a work stress theory (the effort-reward imbalance theory) on the power in the high frequency (HF_HRV) band of heart rate (0.14-0.40 Hz) throughout a work day, were determined using multilevel analysis. Explanatory variables were analysed at two levels: at the lowest level (within-day level), the effects of positive mood, negative mood, demand, satisfaction, demand-satisfaction ratio, and time of day were assessed. At the highest level (the subject level), the effects of sleep quality, effort, reward, effort-reward imbalance, need for control, type of work (profession), negative affectivity, gender and smoking on HF_HRV were assessed. Need for control has a negative effect on HF_HRV after controlling for time of day effects, i.e. subjects with a high need for control have a lower vagal control of the heart. In the long run, these subjects may be considered to be at increased health risk, because they have less of the health protective effects of vagal tone. The interaction between effort-reward imbalance and time of day has a positive effect on HF_HRV, i.e. the cardiac vagal control of subjects with a high effort-reward imbalance increases as the day progresses. It is discussed that this probably reflects reduced effort allocation, ensuing from disengagement from the work demands.
运用多水平分析方法，确定了源自工作压力理论（努力-回报失衡理论）的变量对工作日全天心率高频（HF_HRV）频段（0.14 - 0.40赫兹）功率的影响。解释变量在两个水平上进行分析：在最低水平（日内水平），评估积极情绪、消极情绪、工作要求、满意度、要求-满意度比以及一天中的时间的影响。在最高水平（个体水平），评估睡眠质量、努力程度、回报、努力-回报失衡、控制需求、工作类型（职业）、消极情感、性别和吸烟对HF_HRV的影响。在控制了一天中时间的影响后，控制需求对HF_HRV有负面影响，即控制需求高的个体对心脏的迷走神经控制较低。从长远来看，这些个体可能被认为健康风险增加，因为他们迷走神经张力的健康保护作用较小。努力-回报失衡与一天中的时间之间的交互作用对HF_HRV有正向影响，即随着一天的进展，努力-回报失衡程度高的个体的心脏迷走神经控制增强。讨论认为，这可能反映了因脱离工作要求而导致的努力分配减少。
