Parker J D, Hedrick P W
Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85287-1501, U.S.A.
Heredity (Edinb). 2000 Dec;85(Pt 6):530-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.00778.x.
Understanding the joint effects of gene flow and selection is one of the more important but difficult areas of evolutionary genetics. A method is presented to describe cases of gene flow-selection balance while accounting for the life history of haplodiploid social insects (eusocial Hymenoptera). A continent-island model is used to estimate gene flow rates from allele frequency data and provide variance formulae. The occurrence of unequal yet stable allele frequencies among social insect castes is explained and the usefulness of models with discrete generations for eusocial insects is explained. Gene flow and selection balance has been demonstrated for the fire ant Solenopsis invicta at two allozyme loci. This continent-island model gives results that well describe the system. Issues fundamental to the differences between X-linked and haplodiploid genetic systems and diploid genetic systems are also discussed.
理解基因流动和选择的联合效应是进化遗传学中较为重要但颇具难度的领域之一。本文提出了一种方法，用于描述基因流动 - 选择平衡的情况，同时考虑单倍二倍体社会性昆虫（真社会性膜翅目）的生活史。利用大陆 - 岛屿模型从等位基因频率数据估计基因流动速率，并提供方差公式。解释了社会性昆虫不同等级间等位基因频率不平等却稳定的现象，以及离散世代模型对真社会性昆虫的实用性。已在两个等位酶位点上证明了红火蚁（Solenopsis invicta）存在基因流动和选择平衡。该大陆 - 岛屿模型给出的结果很好地描述了该系统。还讨论了X连锁遗传系统、单倍二倍体遗传系统与二倍体遗传系统之间差异的基本问题。
