Muñoz-Sanjuán I, Cooper M K, Beachy P A, Fallon J F, Nathans J
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Dev Dyn. 2001 Mar;220(3):238-45. doi: 10.1002/1097-0177(20010301)220:3<238::AID-DVDY1104>3.0.CO;2-T.
Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) have been implicated in limb and nervous system development. In this paper we describe the expression of the cFHF-4 gene during chicken craniofacial development. cFHF-4 is expressed in the mesenchyme of the frontonasal process, and in the mesenchyme and ectoderm of the mandibular processes. The expression of cFHF-4 and other genes implicated in facial patterning have been analyzed in talpid(2) embryos or in the presence of exogenous retinoic acid. Talpid(2) mutants show abnormal patterns of gene expression, including up-regulation of cFHF-4 in the developing face, which correlate with defects in cartilage formation. By contrast, expression of cFHF-4 in the developing face is strongly downregulated by teratogenic doses of all-trans retinoic acid in a dose-dependent manner. Low levels of retinoic acid that produce distal upper beak truncations do not affect cShh, c-Patched-1, or c-Bmp-2 expression in the face, but downregulate cFHF-4 in the frontonasal process.
成纤维细胞生长因子同源因子（FHFs）与肢体和神经系统发育有关。在本文中，我们描述了cFHF-4基因在鸡颅面发育过程中的表达情况。cFHF-4在前鼻突的间充质以及下颌突的间充质和外胚层中表达。已在talpid(2)胚胎或存在外源性视黄酸的情况下分析了cFHF-4和其他与面部模式形成有关的基因的表达。Talpid(2)突变体表现出异常的基因表达模式，包括发育中的面部中cFHF-4的上调，这与软骨形成缺陷相关。相比之下，致畸剂量的全反式视黄酸以剂量依赖的方式强烈下调发育中面部的cFHF-4表达。产生远端上喙截断的低水平视黄酸不会影响面部中cShh、c-Patched-1或c-Bmp-2的表达，但会下调前鼻突中的cFHF-4。
