Puchinger B, Zimprich H, Reiss-Patzak E
Padiatr Padol. 1975;10(1):55-65.
Using the method of systematic behavioural observation, an empirical analysis of the behaviour of the nursing staff was carried out. Nine observational categories of behavioural forms were elaborated. These were: administrative work; nursing; strength of contact in relation to nursing duties, i. e. contact of a positive or negative nature; spontaneous contact of a positive or negative nature; supervision; leisure; and absence f ;rom the ward. These points were evaluated for 12 nurses over a three-month period of observation. It was demonstrated that administrative and ward work constituted the greater part of the activities studied, contact on the other hand being only seldom observed. As a control on the external observation a questionnaire was elaborated to obtain the subjective value of the various work operations. The personal evaluations confirmed the observed findings: contact with the child ranked last in all questions.However, positive contact occurred more frequently than did negative contact. Considerable variation in the evaluation of the individual nurses was observed, which could be partly explained in the categories "administrative work" and "child-oriented activities" by the relative status of the nurses. The data can be interpreted as demonstrating that the nursing staff is overburdened with administrative work. They are also the result of an unsufficiently child-oriented attitude, which requires modification through explanation of the psychological significance of this aspect.
采用系统行为观察法，对护理人员的行为进行了实证分析。阐述了九种行为形式的观察类别。它们分别是：行政工作；护理工作；与护理职责相关的接触强度，即积极或消极性质的接触；积极或消极性质的自发接触；监督；休闲；以及离开病房。在三个月的观察期内，对12名护士的这些方面进行了评估。结果表明，行政和病房工作构成了所研究活动的大部分，另一方面接触情况很少被观察到。作为对外部观察的一种对照，设计了一份问卷以获取各种工作操作的主观价值。个人评估证实了观察结果：在所有问题中，与儿童的接触排在最后。然而，积极接触比消极接触更频繁地发生。观察到个别护士的评估存在相当大的差异，在“行政工作”和“以儿童为导向的活动”类别中，这部分可以用护士的相对地位来解释。这些数据可以解释为表明护理人员行政工作负担过重。它们也是一种对儿童关注不足态度的结果，这需要通过解释这方面的心理意义来加以改变。
