Osler M, Heitmann B L, Gerdes L U, Jørgensen L M, Schroll M
Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 N, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Br J Nutr. 2001 Feb;85(2):219-25. doi: 10.1079/bjn2000240.
The analysis of dietary patterns emerged recently as a possible approach to examining diet-disease relation. We analysed the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality associated with dietary patterns in men and women, while taking a number of potential confounding variables into account. Data were from a prospective cohort study with follow-up of total and cause-specific mortality. A random sample of 3698 men and 3618 women aged 30-70 years and living in Copenhagen County, Denmark, were followed from 1982 to 1998 (median 15 years). Three dietary patterns were identified from a twenty-eight item food frequency questionnaire, collected at baseline: (1) a predefined healthy food index, which reflected daily intakes of fruits, vegetables and wholemeal bread, (2) a prudent and (3) a Western dietary pattern derived by principal component analysis. The prudent pattern was positively associated with frequent intake of wholemeal bread, fruits and vegetables, whereas the Western was characterized by frequent intakes of meat products, potatoes, white bread, butter and lard. Among participants with complete information on all variables, 398 men and 231 women died during follow-up. The healthy food index was associated with reduced all-cause mortality in both men and women, but the relations were attenuated after adjustment for smoking, physical activity, educational level, BMI, and alcohol intake. The prudent pattern was inversely associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality after controlling for confounding variables. The Western pattern was not significantly associated with mortality. This study partly supports the assumption that overall dietary patterns can predict mortality, and that the dietary pattern associated with the lowest risk is the one which is in accordance with the current recommendations for a prudent diet.
饮食模式分析最近成为研究饮食与疾病关系的一种可能方法。我们分析了男性和女性饮食模式与全因死亡率和心血管死亡率的关联，同时考虑了一些潜在的混杂变量。数据来自一项前瞻性队列研究，对总死亡率和特定病因死亡率进行随访。从丹麦哥本哈根郡随机抽取3698名年龄在30 - 70岁的男性和3618名女性，从1982年至1998年进行随访（中位随访时间15年）。根据基线时收集的一份包含28项内容的食物频率问卷，确定了三种饮食模式：（1）一个预先定义的健康食物指数，反映水果、蔬菜和全麦面包的每日摄入量；（2）一种谨慎饮食模式；（3）通过主成分分析得出的西方饮食模式。谨慎饮食模式与全麦面包、水果和蔬菜的频繁摄入呈正相关，而西方饮食模式的特点是频繁摄入肉类产品、土豆、白面包、黄油和猪油。在所有变量信息完整的参与者中，398名男性和231名女性在随访期间死亡。健康食物指数与男性和女性的全因死亡率降低有关，但在调整吸烟、身体活动、教育水平、体重指数和酒精摄入量后，这种关联减弱。在控制混杂变量后，谨慎饮食模式与全因死亡率和心血管死亡率呈负相关。西方饮食模式与死亡率无显著关联。本研究部分支持这样的假设，即总体饮食模式可以预测死亡率，且与最低风险相关的饮食模式是符合当前谨慎饮食建议的模式。
