Linnett V, Seow W K
University of Queensland School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Australia.
Pediatr Dent. 2001 Jan-Feb;23(1):37-43.
Epidemiological studies have shown that the prevalence of dental erosion in children varies widely between 2 and 57%. Changes seen in dental erosion range from removal of surface characteristics to extensive loss of tooth tissue with pulp exposure and abscess formation. Symptoms of dental erosion range from sensitivity to severe pain associated with pulp exposure. The etiology of dental erosion is dependent on the presence of extrinsic or intrinsic acid in the oral environment. Extrinsic sources of acids in children include frequent consumption of acidic foods and drinks, and acidic medications. Regurgitation of gastric contents into the mouth, as occurs in gastroesophageal reflux, is the most common source of intrinsic acid in children. A multitude of factors may modify the erosion process, such as saliva, oral hygiene practices, and presence or absence of fluoride. When dental erosion is diagnosed, it is important to investigate and identify the acid source, and to determine if the process is ongoing. The aim of treatment is to eliminate the cause of acid exposure, and to minimize the effects of acid exposure where it is not possible to remove the acid source. Restoration of the dentition involves stainless steel crowns to restore lost vertical dimension, and composite resin for esthetics.
流行病学研究表明，儿童牙齿侵蚀的患病率差异很大，在2%至57%之间。牙齿侵蚀的表现从表面特征消失到牙齿组织大量丧失，伴有牙髓暴露和脓肿形成。牙齿侵蚀的症状从敏感到与牙髓暴露相关的剧痛不等。牙齿侵蚀的病因取决于口腔环境中外源性或内源性酸的存在。儿童外源性酸的来源包括频繁食用酸性食物和饮料以及酸性药物。胃内容物反流至口腔（如胃食管反流时发生的情况）是儿童内源性酸的最常见来源。许多因素可能会改变侵蚀过程，如唾液、口腔卫生习惯以及氟化物的存在与否。诊断牙齿侵蚀时，重要的是调查和确定酸源，并确定该过程是否仍在进行。治疗的目的是消除酸暴露的原因，并在无法去除酸源的情况下尽量减少酸暴露的影响。牙列修复包括使用不锈钢冠来恢复丧失的垂直高度，以及使用复合树脂来改善美观。
