MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Feb 2;50(4):59-61.
In the early 1990s, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection associated with possible reuse of syringes and needles was reported among children in Romanian orphanages. These findings led health-care workers to use new disposable syringes and needles for administering injections. Bythe late 1990s, reports suggested that new disposable syringes and needles had become standard for all injections. However, surveillance data collected by the Romanian Ministry of Health (MoH) during 1997-1998 indicated that acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was associated with receiving injections among children aged <5 years. In Romania, injection frequently is used to administer medication, and nurses administer most injections. To identify the practices that might have resulted in injection-associated HBV transmission, selected clinic and hospital nurses were surveyed. This report summarizes the findings of the survey, which indicated that although nurses used new disposable syringes and needles, other inadequate infection-control practices might explain injection-associated HBV transmission. Results of the survey were used by the Romanian Coalition to Prevent Nosocomial Infections to prepare standards for injection safety to protect patients and health-care workers from HBV infection.
20世纪90年代初，罗马尼亚孤儿院的儿童中报告了与可能重复使用注射器和针头相关的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染情况。这些发现促使医护人员在注射时使用新的一次性注射器和针头。到20世纪90年代末，报告显示新的一次性注射器和针头已成为所有注射的标准。然而，罗马尼亚卫生部（MoH）在1997 - 1998年期间收集的监测数据表明，5岁以下儿童的急性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染与接受注射有关。在罗马尼亚，注射经常用于给药，且大多数注射由护士进行。为确定可能导致注射相关HBV传播的做法，对选定的诊所和医院护士进行了调查。本报告总结了调查结果，结果表明，尽管护士使用新的一次性注射器和针头，但其他感染控制措施不足可能解释了注射相关的HBV传播。罗马尼亚预防医院感染联盟利用调查结果制定注射安全标准，以保护患者和医护人员免受HBV感染。
