Regnault P, Bigand E, Besson M
National Center for Scientific Research, Marseille, France.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2001 Feb 15;13(2):241-55. doi: 10.1162/089892901564298.
The goal of this study was to analyze the time-course of sensory (bottom-up) and cognitive (top-down) processes that govern musical harmonic expectancy. Eight-chord sequences were presented to 12 musicians and 12 nonmusicians. Expectations for the last chord were manipulated both at the sensory level (i.e., the last chord was sensory consonant or dissonant) and at the cognitive level (the harmonic function of the target was varied by manipulating the harmonic context built up by the first six chords of the sequence). Changes in the harmonic function of the target chord mainly modulate the amplitude of a positive component peaking around 300 msec (P3) after target onset, reflecting top-down influences on the perceptual stages of processing. In contrast, changes in the acoustic structure of the target chord (sensory consonance) mainly modulate the amplitude of a late positive component that develops between 300 and 800 msec after target onset. Most importantly, the effects of sensory consonance and harmonic context on the event-related brain potentials associated with the target chords were found to be independent, thus suggesting that two separate processors contribute to the building up of musical expectancy.
本研究的目的是分析支配音乐和声期待的感觉（自下而上）和认知（自上而下）过程的时间进程。向12名音乐家和12名非音乐家呈现八和弦序列。对最后一个和弦的期待在感觉层面（即最后一个和弦是感觉协和或不协和的）和认知层面（通过操纵序列前六个和弦构建的和声背景来改变目标和弦的和声功能）均受到操控。目标和弦和声功能的变化主要调节目标出现后约300毫秒（P3）达到峰值的正向成分的幅度，反映了自上而下对加工知觉阶段的影响。相比之下，目标和弦的声学结构（感觉协和性）的变化主要调节目标出现后300至800毫秒之间出现的晚期正向成分的幅度。最重要的是，发现感觉协和性与和声背景对与目标和弦相关的事件相关脑电位的影响是独立的，因此表明两个独立的加工过程有助于构建音乐期待。
