Guiard-Schmid J B, Picard H, Slama L, Maslo C, Amiel C, Pialoux G, Lebrette M G, Rozenbaum W
Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital Rothschild, 33, boulevard de Picpus, F75571 Paris.
Presse Med. 2000 Nov 18;29(35):1948-56.
Piercing, an act that modifies the body, has progressed considerably in France over the last few years. The population involved has grown and become more diversified. Performed with a solid needle or a catheter, a wide variety of anatomic localizations are concerned, particularly the nose, ears, and navel. The shape of the "rings", generally made of surgical steel, niobium or titanium, varies greatly. Wound healing by epithelialisation can take up to several months. INFECTIOUS RISK: Between 10% and 20% of all piercings lead to a local infection. The most commonly found causal agests are Staphylococcus aureus, group A Streptococcus and Pseudomonas sp. These germs can cause severe life-threatening complications even in common localizations (earlobe). Viral transmission is another risk (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis delta, HIV). A few cases of fatal fulminant hepatitis have been described immediately after piercing. SAFETY MEASURES: Generally performed under less than desirable sanitary conditions, safety measures are needed for piercing. Among professional "piercers", a certain number have emphasized the need for providing their clients with safer services. The prevention of infection risk should be a priority for all. Work along this line has been done in the United States and Canada. In light of the impact on public health, it is important to rapidly develop guidelines and regulations for piercing in France. Both professional piercers and health care workers should participate in developing these safety measures in order to assure their implementation.
穿孔，一种身体修饰行为，在过去几年里在法国有了显著发展。涉及的人群不断增加且更加多样化。使用实心针或导管进行穿孔，涉及多种解剖部位，尤其是鼻子、耳朵和肚脐。“环”的形状通常由外科用钢、铌或钛制成，差异很大。通过上皮化实现伤口愈合可能需要数月时间。
所有穿孔中有10%至20%会导致局部感染。最常见的致病病原体是金黄色葡萄球菌、A组链球菌和假单胞菌属。这些病菌即使在常见部位（耳垂）也可能引发严重的危及生命的并发症。病毒传播是另一种风险（乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、丁型肝炎、艾滋病病毒）。有几例穿孔后立即出现致命暴发性肝炎的病例被描述。
穿孔通常在不太理想的卫生条件下进行，因此需要安全措施。在专业“穿孔师”中，有一定数量的人强调需要为客户提供更安全的服务。预防感染风险应是所有人的首要任务。美国和加拿大已在这方面开展了工作。鉴于对公众健康的影响，迅速制定法国穿孔的指导方针和法规很重要。专业穿孔师和医护人员都应参与制定这些安全措施，以确保其实施。
