Reilly S M, McBrayer L D, White T D
Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, 45701, Athens, OH, USA.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2001 Mar;128(3):397-415. doi: 10.1016/s1095-6433(00)00326-3.
In this paper we examine the biomechanics of prey processing behavior in the amniotes. Whether amniotes swallow prey items whole or swallow highly processed slurries or boluses of food, they share a common biomechanical system where hard surfaces (teeth or beaks) are brought together on articulated jaws by the actions of adductor muscles to grasp and process food. How have amniotes modified this basic system to increase the chewing efficiency of the system? To address this question we first examine the primitive condition for prey processing representative of many of the past and present predatory amniotes. Because herbivory is expected to be related to improved prey processing in the jaws we review patterns of food processing mechanics in past and present herbivores. Herbivory has appeared numerous times in amniotes and several solutions to the task of chewing plant matter have appeared. Birds have abandoned jaw chewing in favor of a new way to chew--with the gut--so we will detour from the jaws to examine the appearance of gut chewing in the archosaurs. We will then fill in the gaps among amniote taxa with a look at some new data on patterns of prey processing behavior and jaw mechanics in lizards. Finally, we examine evolutionary patterns of amniote feeding mechanism and how correlates of chewing relate to the need to increase the efficiency of prey processing in order to facilitate increased metabolic rate and activity.
在本文中，我们研究了羊膜动物捕食处理行为的生物力学。无论羊膜动物是将猎物整个吞下，还是吞下经过高度处理的食物糊或食团，它们都拥有一个共同的生物力学系统，在这个系统中，坚硬的表面（牙齿或喙）通过内收肌的作用在关节颌骨上合拢，以抓取和处理食物。羊膜动物是如何改进这个基本系统以提高其咀嚼效率的呢？为了解决这个问题，我们首先研究了许多过去和现在的捕食性羊膜动物所代表的捕食处理的原始状态。由于食草行为预计与颌骨中改进的猎物处理方式有关，我们回顾了过去和现在食草动物的食物处理力学模式。食草行为在羊膜动物中已经出现了很多次，并且出现了几种处理植物性食物的方法。鸟类已经放弃了颌骨咀嚼，转而采用一种新的咀嚼方式——通过肠道——所以我们将从颌骨研究转向研究主龙类中肠道咀嚼的出现。然后，我们将通过研究蜥蜴捕食处理行为模式和颌骨力学的一些新数据，来填补羊膜动物类群之间的空白。最后，我们研究羊膜动物进食机制的进化模式，以及咀嚼的相关因素如何与提高猎物处理效率的需求相关，以促进代谢率和活动的增加。
