Medinsky M A, Bond J A
ToxCon, 5505 Frenchman's Creek Dr., Durham, NC 27713, USA.
Toxicology. 2001 Mar 7;160(1-3):165-72. doi: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00448-0.
Inhalation is a common route by which individuals are exposed to toxicants. The air contains a multitude of gases and vapors that are brought into the respiratory tract with each breath. Depending upon the physical and chemical characteristics of the toxicant, the respiratory tract can be considered as a target organ in addition to a portal of entry. Sufficient information is not always available on the fate or effects of an inhaled gas or vapor. Two physiochemical principles, water solubility and reactivity, can be used to predict the site of uptake of gases and vapors in the respiratory tract and potential mechanisms for reaction with respiratory tract tissue and absorption into the blood. Four model compounds, formaldehyde, ozone, dibasic esters, and butadiene are discussed as examples of how knowledge of aqueous solubility and chemical reactivity can help toxicologists predict sites and mechanisms by which inhaled gases and vapors interact with respiratory tract tissues.
吸入是个体接触毒物的常见途径。空气中含有多种气体和蒸气，每次呼吸时都会被带入呼吸道。根据毒物的物理和化学特性，呼吸道除了作为进入门户外，还可被视为靶器官。关于吸入气体或蒸气的归宿或影响，并不总是有足够的信息。两个物理化学原理，即水溶性和反应性，可用于预测呼吸道中气体和蒸气的摄取部位以及与呼吸道组织反应并吸收进入血液的潜在机制。讨论了四种模型化合物，即甲醛、臭氧、二元酯和丁二烯，以举例说明水溶性和化学反应性的知识如何帮助毒理学家预测吸入气体和蒸气与呼吸道组织相互作用的部位和机制。
