Plopper C G, Buckpitt A, Evans M, Van Winkle L, Fanucchi M, Smiley-Jewell S, Lakritz J, West J, Lawson G, Paige R, Miller L, Hyde D
VM: Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Toxicology. 2001 Mar 7;160(1-3):173-80. doi: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00453-4.
As one of the principal interfaces between the organism and the environment, the respiratory system is a target for a wide variety of toxicants and carcinogens. The cellular and architectural complexity of the respiratory system appears to play a major role in defining the focal nature of the pulmonary response to environmental stressors. This review will address the biological factors that modulate the response of one of the major target compartments within the respiratory system, the tracheobronchial airway tree. Individual airway segments respond uniquely to toxic stress and this response involves not only the target cell population, e.g. epithelium, but also other components of the airway wall suggesting a trophic interaction within all components of the airway wall in maintaining steady state and responding to injury. A number of biological factors modulate the nature of the response, including: (1) metabolic potential at specific sites for activation and detoxification; (2) the nature of the local inflammatory response; (3) age of the organism at the time of exposure; (4) gender of the exposed organism; (5) history of previous exposure; and (6) species and strain of the organism exposed.
作为机体与环境之间的主要界面之一，呼吸系统是多种毒物和致癌物的作用靶点。呼吸系统的细胞和结构复杂性似乎在决定肺部对环境应激源反应的局部性质方面起着主要作用。本综述将探讨调节呼吸系统主要靶区之一——气管支气管气道树反应的生物学因素。各个气道节段对毒性应激的反应具有独特性，这种反应不仅涉及靶细胞群体，如上皮细胞，还涉及气道壁的其他成分，这表明气道壁所有成分之间存在营养相互作用，以维持稳态并对损伤做出反应。许多生物学因素调节反应的性质，包括：（1）特定部位激活和解毒的代谢潜能；（2）局部炎症反应的性质；（3）接触时机体的年龄；（4）接触机体的性别；（5）既往接触史；以及（6）接触机体的物种和品系。
