Harrington R D, Hooton T M
Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.
J Gend Specif Med. 2000 Nov-Dec;3(8):27-34.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are more common among women than men, although the prevalence in elderly men and women is similar. Most of the research on UTI has focused on young, sexually active women who are at high risk for developing an infection. The predominant UTI risk factors in young women are sexual intercourse and the use of spermicidal contraceptives. Other important UTI risk determinants in selected age groups include anatomic and physiologic factors, such as obstructing lesions and estrogen deficiency; genetic factors, such as blood group secretor status; antibiotic exposure; functional status; and possibly receptive anal intercourse and HIV infection.
尿路感染（UTIs）在女性中比男性更常见，不过老年男性和女性的患病率相似。关于尿路感染的大多数研究都集中在有感染高风险的年轻、有性行为的女性身上。年轻女性中主要的尿路感染风险因素是性交和使用杀精避孕药。在特定年龄组中，其他重要的尿路感染风险决定因素包括解剖和生理因素，如梗阻性病变和雌激素缺乏；遗传因素，如血型分泌状态；抗生素暴露；功能状态；以及可能的接受性肛交和艾滋病毒感染。
