Hargreaves M H, Snow R
School of Health Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, 3125, Australia.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2001 Mar;11(1):133-45. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.11.1.133.
Although skeletal muscle is capable of oxidizing selected amino acids, exercise in the fed and carbohydrate-replete condition results in only a small increase in amino acid utilization. Nevertheless, it may be important to increase the dietary protein requirements of active individuals. There is ongoing debate as to whether the amino acids for oxidation are derived from the free amino acid pool, from net protein breakdown, or a combination of both. There has been interest in the potential ergogenic benefits of amino acid ingestion; however, BCAA ingestion does not appear to affect fatigue during prolonged exercise, there is little support from controlled studies to recommend glutamine ingestion for enhanced immune function, and although glutamine stimulates muscle glycogen synthesis, its addition to carbohydrate supplements provides no additional benefit over ingestion of carbohydrate alone.
尽管骨骼肌能够氧化特定的氨基酸，但在进食且碳水化合物充足的情况下进行运动，氨基酸利用率仅会有小幅增加。然而，增加活跃个体的膳食蛋白质需求量可能很重要。关于用于氧化的氨基酸是来自游离氨基酸池、净蛋白质分解还是两者的组合，目前仍存在争议。人们对摄入氨基酸的潜在促力作用很感兴趣；然而，摄入支链氨基酸似乎并不会影响长时间运动期间的疲劳感，对照研究几乎没有支持推荐摄入谷氨酰胺以增强免疫功能，并且尽管谷氨酰胺会刺激肌肉糖原合成，但在碳水化合物补充剂中添加谷氨酰胺相较于单独摄入碳水化合物并无额外益处。
