Clohessy A B, Posner M I, Rothbart M K
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2001 Jan;106(1-2):51-68. doi: 10.1016/s0001-6918(00)00026-3.
Andries Sanders' dissertation examined selective mechanisms in the functional visual field, and much of his work since has been concerned with the stages that underlie visual information processing particularly while making saccades. We argue that the study of orienting in the functional visual field is timely because it deals with the relation of covert attention shifts, eye movements and head movements to their underlying neurology. In our paper we develop a method to study learning of sequences at all ages from infants to adults. Our studies focus on how learning influences anticipatory eye movements. We examined the learning of unambiguous and context dependent sequences by 4-, 10-, and 18-month-old infants and undergraduates. We found clear learning of unambiguous sequences at 4 months, but learning of context dependent associations was found only in 18-month-olds and in adults. We hypothesize that the learning of unambiguous sequences by 4-month-olds reflects maturation of a basal ganglia-parietal circuit related to adult implicit learning, while the learning of context dependent sequences requires development of frontal structures underlying more general attentional abilities.
安德里亚斯·桑德斯的博士论文研究了功能性视野中的选择机制，从那以后他的大部分工作都与视觉信息处理的基础阶段有关，尤其是在进行眼跳时。我们认为，对功能性视野中的定向进行研究正合时宜，因为它涉及到隐蔽注意转移、眼球运动和头部运动与其潜在神经学之间的关系。在我们的论文中，我们开发了一种方法来研究从婴儿到成人各个年龄段的序列学习。我们的研究重点是学习如何影响预期性眼球运动。我们研究了4个月、10个月和18个月大的婴儿以及大学生对明确和依赖上下文的序列的学习情况。我们发现4个月大的婴儿能清晰地学习明确序列，但只有18个月大的婴儿和成年人能学习依赖上下文的关联。我们推测，4个月大的婴儿对明确序列的学习反映了与成人内隐学习相关的基底神经节 - 顶叶回路的成熟，而对依赖上下文序列的学习则需要更一般注意力能力基础上的额叶结构的发展。
